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Regulatory Oversight Gaps : Products marketed as natural or therapeutic often fall outside existing tobacco-control laws, creating a public healthcare risk for consumers who perceive them as safe
The following factors were included as covariates for potential confounders or risk factors: sex (male or female), grade (7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, or 12th), academic performance (high, middle, or low), area of residence (metropolitan, urban, or rural), residence type (living with or without family), economic status (high, middle, or low), subjective health condition (healthy, normal, or unhealthy), physical activity over 1 h and five times per week (yes or no), drinking experience (yes or no), smoking status (never, ex-smoker, or current smoker), sleep satisfaction (satisfied, regular, or unsatisfied), stress perception (high, middle, or low), depressive symptoms in the past 12 months (yes or no), and year (2020, 2021, 2022, or 2023)
including nicotine transdermal patches, lozenges, gum, inhalers, or nasal spray), bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release, and varenicline