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Besides bringing in intact cigarette butts, Autonomous National University of Mexico ecologist Constantino Macas Garca told the NYT that he and his colleagues had observed finches and sparrows in Mexico City dismember the cigarette. The fibers inside, he suggested, may protect chicks from parasites

It is very unlikely that the association between smoking and CH is a causal relationship

A novel mitophagy activator, UMI-77, alleviated apoptosis of RTEC and interstitial inflammation by activating mitophagy, inhibiting TGF-1/Smad-mediated MFB activation and hindering renal fibrosis ( 4.2.2.2 Hormone receptor agonists/antagonists Finerenone, a novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, ameliorated defective mitophagy through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling axis, thereby alleviating renal inflammation and fibrosis (Yao et al., 2023)

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