One clade includes most of the species in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic regions, which were connected by the Central American Seaway until the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama less than three million years ago
Studies have shown that the difference in tar and nicotine content between light and regular cigarettes is often minimal, and the perceived lighter experience doesnt necessarily translate to reduced health risks
S., Baum, C
Abbreviations: AM (alveolar macrophage), BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), DC (dendritic cell), e-cig (e-cigarette), e-cig vaped extract (EVE), gen (generation), h (hour), min (minute), NK (natural killer), PG (propylene glycol), THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), VG (vegetable glycerin) Acknowledgements: The authors thank the sponsors of research in the Crotty Alexander laboratory, including the NIH (R01 HL147326, R01 HL137052, and K24 HL155884), VA (Merit 1I01BX004767, Merit 1I01BX006447), and California state funding program: Tobacco Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP